salamo allahi 3alaykom !!!

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# Posté le samedi 23 février 2008 09:06
Modifié le mercredi 19 novembre 2008 14:30

faites de la pub pr vos blogs en laissant vos commentaires

faites de la pub pr vos blogs en laissant vos commentaires


Réda1.

Réda 2

c'est brahim un gar super +les com's sont rendus visitez le

c'est kaoutar mon amie un sky super cool visitez le vite
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# Posté le mardi 21 août 2007 13:33
Modifié le dimanche 08 mars 2009 18:17

pour mon âme soeur,ma number1 ''Rihab''

pour mon âme soeur,ma number1 ''Rihab''
j'ai fait cet article pour exprimer mes remercimens, et pour décrire d'une

façon ou d'une autre ton amitié et ces effets sur ma vie.Vraiment j'etais en désordre avant de

te rencontrer et je me sens bien maintenant car j'ai gagné une amie si fidéle tell que vous ma

chére, et je pense pas a te pérdre car tu es très importante pour moi et aussi pour ma

continuation en avance, je t'ai rencontré le jour où j'avais tant de problemes résoudre et

je savais même pas quoi faire si tu ne m'avais pas aidé, je suis maintenant très attachée à toi, et

je souhaite qu'on restent comme ça pour toujours , car j'ai pas de confiance en n'importe qui

parce qu'il ya beaucoups de gens qui m'ont triché, mais j'ai la confiance aveugle en toi, et

vraiment tu es toujours à la hauteur et tu me choque avec ta gentillèsse et tes comportements

raisonés, et tes gestes inattendus.J'avais toujours l'idée que j'ai pas de chance dans cette vie,

mais maintenant je sens que Dieu ma donné mille fois plus que je voulais et je suis

satisfaite et lhamdoulah pour tout ,quand je pense que tu es loin de moi je commence à

m'énerver parce que je voulais que tu sois près de moi pour te voire te parler de mes

soucis ..et toi aussi de même,mais hamdolah il ya "msn" le seul moyen qui nous réunit.

Je t'aime beaucoups tu ne peux vraiment pas imaginer, et je serais toujours à côté de toi

malgré les kilométres qui nous séparent, je te souhaite tout le bonheur du monde et que tous

tes rêves se réaliseront le plus proche possible car tu le mérite vraiment et j'avoue que"tu es

le plus magnifique cadeaux que j'ai eu dans ma vie entiére" et saches aussi que grâce à toi j'ai

pu sauter des obstacles trés dures à dépasser grâce à tes encouragements pour moi, et si j'ai

réussi a faire quelque chose dans ma vie c'est grâce a toi aussi .Merci pour ta présence

dans ma vie , je t'aime grâvement et je ne t'oublirais jamais et je serais toujours fidéle à toi .



Voila son blog cliquez ici
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# Posté le jeudi 16 novembre 2006 14:28
Modifié le mercredi 17 décembre 2008 12:59

je suis fiere d'etre AMAZIGHIYA vive les AMAZIGHS

je suis fiere d'etre AMAZIGHIYA vive les AMAZIGHS
CliQuez iCi
Au Maroc, les trois parlers amazighs sont Tamazight, Tacelh'it et Tarifit. Imazighen, les locuteurs de Tamazight, occupent une vaste étendue géographique (Maroc central) à l'intérieur de laquelle les populations amazighes partagent les mêmes moeurs et modes de vie. On parle parfois de Moyen Atlas pour désigner cette région, mais en réalité, Tamazight déborde largement les limites géographiques du moyen Atlas. Imazighen se composent de nombreuses confédérations toutes issues du vaste rameau des Sanhaja qui s'est détaché du tronc commun des Imazighen, et a poussé vers le Nord-ouest au cours des siècles à partir du Sahara. On y regroupe: Ayt Bugemmaz - Ayt H'diddu - Ayt Merghad - Ayt Mgild - Ayt Nd'ir - Ayt Um Lbext - Ayt Seghruccen - Ayt Sgugu - Ayt Suxman - Ayt Warayen - Ayt Yah'ya - Ayt Izdegh - Ayt At't'a - Iz'ayan - Imermucen - Ayt Yussi - Ayt Sadden - Zemmur. Michael Peyron dit d'eux: "Tribus transhumantes, guerrières et remuantes, se faisant une âpre concurrence dans la recherche de nouveaux pâturages, elles ont, par leur dynamisme, tissé la trame principale de l'histoire de ces régions du XV au XIXeme siècle." Lire Isaffen Ghbanin (Rivière profondes). Jusqu'en 1912, période à laquelle le protectorat français commençait à s'ingérer dans les affaires de ces tribus, celles-ci géraient leur vie selon des coutumes ancéstrales (Azerf, L3orf) et n'étaient pas soumises à l'autorité du Sultan. Plutôt que de les affronter par les armes, Lyauté initia une politique vicieuse reconnaissant aux Imazighen leurs droits coutumiers, ce qui aboutira au décret du 16 mai 1930, le "Dahir Berbère", scéllé par Mohamed V. Le protectorat français, et en particulier la politique berbère qu'il a initiée (La politique berbère de la France et le nationalisme marocain. Gilles Lafuente, 1999, l'Harmattan) a eu des conséquences désastreuses sur l'avenir de cette région. Ce fameux "Dahir Berbère" est brandit encore par les pan-arabistes à chaque fois que les Imazighen expriment leur revendication culturelle.
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Tamazight language History :

The Tamazight language consists of many dialects, which, in their turn, also consist of many subdialects. All these dialects and subdialects are spoken in a vast area, which stretches from east to west, covering the span between the oasis of Siwa in Egypt and Morocco at the Atlantic Ocean, and from north to south, covering the area between the Mediterranean coast of North Africa and Burkina Faso. Though most of this vast area originally was the land of the Amazigh (Berbers), today Tamazight is spoken only in rather small areas.

The largest speaking Tamazight area including several countries is that inhabited by the Tuareg nomads in the south. However, most Berbers are concentrated in Morocco and Algeria. Almost half of the Moroccan population is Tamazight-speaking, while about 30 percent of the Tamazight-speaking population in Algeria is concentrated in Kabylia and the massif of the Aures. If one proceeds to statistical investigation of Berbers, he/she would probably arrive at the number of not less than 15 million. But the Tamazight language does not really exist as a homogenous language in the sense of a socio-communicative reality, but is spoken in different countries and in different versions, among which some are quite different from one another.

Generally speaking, the more Tamazight-speaking areas are close geographically, the more the corresponding dialects are linguistically close to one another.

Apart from the dialects of the island of Djerba in Tunisia, Siwa in Egypt, Aoudjila and Neffousa in Libya and other lesser known dialects, which are spoken by very small populations, it is possible to classify the Tamazight language in 7 main dialects:

1) the Kabyle dialect (including the dialects spoken in the massif of Chenoua and the Ouarsenis) in the north of Algeria.
2) the Chaoui dialect in the massif of Aures in the east-south of the capital in Algeria.
3) the Mzab dialect in the northern desert of Algeria.
4) the Rifain dialect in northern Morocco.
5) the Tamazight dialect in central Morocco.
6) the Tachelhit dialect in southern Morocco
7) the Tuareg dialect (spoken mostly in the south of Algeria, the north of Niger and Mali and the north of Burkina Faso)

For teaching purposes, these 7 dialects can furthermore be reduced to 3 main Tamazight dialects: the Tuareg Berber, the Algerian Berber (Chaoui, Kabyle, and Mzab) and the Moroccan Berber (Rifain, Tamazigt, and Tachelhit).

There are, of course, derogations to this classification. For example, regarding some linguistic aspects, some dialects can be closer to the most remote dialects than the nearest ones geographically speaking. This is, for example, the case for the Rifain dialect in Morocco, which has more phonetic similarities with the northern Algerian dialects than with other closer Moroccan dialects, such as Tacelhit.

These derogations also concern subdialects. In fact there are subdialects in the Kabyle dialect in Algeria, which are in some aspects closer to the Moroccan dialects than to other subdialects in the Kabyle dialect itself. However, even though subdialects from different dialects might have some common linguistic features, the mutual comprehensibility might not be possible at all, whereas there is almost full mutual comprehensibility inside the dialects, even though these dialects have subdialects which differ a lot from each other.

Actually, although two Kabyles coming from opposite sides of the Kabyle region might speak in very different subdialects, they will nevertheless understand each other without a problem. That is why it is legitimate to speak of the Kabyle dialect, the Tuareg dialect, etc. as being relatively homogenous dialects. In fact, homogenous to such a degree, that they may be said to constitute separate languages. But now, considering the Tamazight language in its repartition in many dialects and subdialects, one might be led to believe that the Tamazight language cannot be taught as one language. The question is indeed very debatable. In fact, the situation of the Tamazight language is not very different from any official language in the world. Actually there is not a single language which is not differentiated. The difference between the Tamazight language and any official language is that the latter has previously been subject to a standardization process involving, at worst, one dominating dialect. As an example, the French language goes back mainly to the dialect of l'?le de France, where the ruling elite abode. Most of the known official languages have been subject to the same phenomenon.

This is the case for English, Danish, German etc. The Tamazight language has never been taught, for which reason there has never been a need of standardization of one or another dialect of the language. All ruling Berbers throughout history have been educated in foreign languages. So the Tamazight language has unfortunately never been taken care of towards its constitution as a national language. Theoretically then, the Tamazight language is not so different from other languages, and the language can, in fact, easily be subject to standardization by choosing one or another dialect on the basis of some fixed criteria. Some people might think this is suitable, but many would surely react against such a solution. Even the Kabyles, who are probably the greatest defenders of the Tamazight language, would think this is not fair. We are living in modern times, which in spite of everything, are imbued with humanism and egalitarian ideas. Many Amazigh scholars think that a standardized Tamazight has to be carried out on the basis of some sort of reconstruction. Before discussing negative and positive sides of standardization, let us see what this might imply on other planes. There is no doubt that such an issue, besides being a linguistic matter, also implies much politics.

The Tamazight language has until recent years never been recognized as an active part of the countries in which it is spoken. In the Algerian Constitution of 1996, the term "Amazighité" (= Berber identity) appeared in the official texts for the first time. This does not mean that the Tamazight language was now made official or even national, but only that the language could be taught if needed. Recently, president Bouteflika stated that the Tamazight language would never be officialized, and its nationalization could only become a reality if all Algerian people accepted it by means of a referendum. This to show that identity is now made a matter of an election. There are millions of Berbers, both in Algeria and in the neighbourhood, many of whom do not even speak Arabic, who are still denied their right to be educated in their mother tongue. Though pretending to be a democrat, Mr. Bouteflika, without any doubt, carries the same dictatorial discourse of the past, which states that the whole of the Algerian people is Arab, and its language is exclusively Arabic. Considering these elements, the matter of standardization of the Tamazight language cannot be discussed without considering it from two aspects: the political aspect and the linguistic aspect.

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# Posté le mercredi 11 octobre 2006 21:37
Modifié le mercredi 31 octobre 2007 14:24

أنفراد :حديث صحفي مع فيروس أنفلونزا الطيور!!

أنفراد :حديث صحفي مع فيروس أنفلونزا الطيور!!
لن أحكي لكم عن مغامراتي المستميته في تحديد موعد مع هذا الفيروس المشغول جدا.. لكن يكفي أن أقول أنني استطعت أن أصل إليه بطريقة ما و أجريت معه هذا الحوار الممتع و المتميز جدا..



احنا : اهلا و سهلا يا عم الفيروس

الفروس: اهلا اهلا ...

احنا : لو سمحت ياريت تعرف اخوانا القراء بنفسك..

و اسمي الفني انفلونزى الطيورh5 .. الفيروس: اسمي في البطاقة

احنا : ما هو محل الاقامة ؟

الفيروس: محل الاقامة مش ثابت للأسف.. اصلي غاوي سفر بيني و بينك..

احنا : طيب ما هو محل الميلاد ؟

الفيروس: أنا اتولدت أساسا في جنوب شرق آسيا.. قول في الصين كده..

احنا : كلمنا عن نفسك شوية..

الفيروس: أنا فيروس عادي زي أي فيروس في الساحة الطبية.. بس كل ما هنالك إني وجه جديد و انت عارف بقى و سائل الاعلام بتهتم بكل ما هو جديد..

احنا : إيه الجديد اللي قدمته ؟

الفيروس: يمكن الجديد إني غاوي فراخ و بط و وز..و شهيتي مفتوحة حبتين .. بس كده..

احنا : طيب إيه اللي جابك عندنا يا استاذ h5 ؟

الفيروس: أبدا.. لقيت كل حاجه بتجيلكم من الصين و انتم فرحانين بيها.. فلت آجي أنا يمكن ترحبوا بيا أنا كمان !

احنا : نرحب بيك ؟ يعني جاي تخرب بيتنا و نرحب بيك ؟؟ تيجي ازاي دي ؟

الفيروس: يا بيه مالبضايع اللي جايالكم من الصين جايه تخرب بيتكم هيا كمان, و فرحانين بيها و طايرين بيها.. اشمعنه انا يعني ؟؟

احنا : مش واخد بالي ..

الفيروس: اسمع يا سيدي.. البضايع الصيني دي مش جاية تضرب الصناعة و الاقتصاد المصري ؟

احنا : بيحصل !

الفيروس : أنا كمان جاي أضرب الفراخ و الاقتصاد المصري.. هياها يعني !!

احنا : دانت فيروس مثقف قوي.. طيب بلاش كلام في السياسة عشان الناس ماتزهقش..

الفيروس: زي ما تحب..

احنا : انت ازاي دخلت الأراضي المصرية ؟

الفيروس : بلاش كلام في النقطة دي لو سمحت.. أنا متسلل صحيح بس مش عايز مشاكل مع الداخلية الله يخليك..

احنا : يعني دخلت ازاي ؟

الفيروس: دخلت مع بطة مهاجرة وصلتني في طريقها .. أوتو ستوب يعني !

احنا : و ناوي تعمل ايه في مصر ؟

الفيروس : أبدا.. أنا باتكاثر على البط و الوز و الفراخ و الطيور الظريفة دي..

احنا : طيب مش ناوي تنتقل للبني ادمين ؟

الفيروس : لا طبعا ..

احنا : ليه ؟

الفيروس: شوف يا بيه .. احنا الفيروسات غاويين أذية صحيح , لكن مابنحبش نقطّع على بعض .. كلام في سرك كده .. أنا جربت أدخل جسم مواطن مصري.. لقيت لما دخلت لقيت زملاء كتير قوي .. (التهاب كبدي و بائي) على (بلهارسيا) على (التهاب سحائي) على (سرطان) على (سالمونيللا).. لقيت خلق كتير قوي يا بيه.. لقوني داخل عليهم قاموا وقفوا.. و خدوني على جنب.. و رنوني حتة علقة مكن ,خلتني أزرقّ..!! شايف البشلة اللي في وشي دي ؟؟ إهي دي ضربة مطوة من الأخ (فشل كلوي) !

احنا : و بعدين ؟؟

الفيروس : أبدا.. بعد ما خدت العلقة التمام, قعدنا قعدة عرب.. و اتكلمنا كلام فيروسات من الآخر و اتفقنا على المفيد..

احنا : اتفقتوا على ايه بالضبط ؟

الفيروس: اتفقنا على إن انا مش من هنا و مش ابن بلد فلازم ألتزم بالأصول ..و ما قطّعش على الميكروبات المصرية الصميمة.. اتفقنا على قاعدة ( صباح الخير يا جاري ,انت في حالك و انا في حالي!) يعني بلاش تقطيع على بعض و خليني في الفراخ و العصافير و ما أهوبش ناحية منطقة الميكروبات التانية.. أصلها أرزاق يا بيه و غلط ناخد رزق بعض عدم المؤاخذة..و ده اللي أعلنا عنه في المؤتمر الصحفي بعد المباحثات اللي اجريناها مع بعض في أحد مقالب الزبالة..

احنا : تشرفنا بلقاءك يا سيد h5

الفيروس: الشرف ليا يا بيه.. و أنا سعيد إني أول فيروس تعملو حوارا
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# Posté le vendredi 06 octobre 2006 20:35
Modifié le dimanche 28 octobre 2007 12:01